Table 3 Levels of FF biomarkers

Leptin (pg/mL)

31.11 ± 38.06

13.59 ± 10.15

1517.37 ± 1037.67

< 0.0001

VEGF (pg/mL)

17.38 ± 13.57

6.95 ± 7.98

56.91 ± 31

< 0.0001

ProMMP-2 (mg/mL)

6190.56 ± 1340.99

8817.9 ± 2827.26

28523.5 ± 14645.9

< 0.0001

ProMMP-9 (mg/mL)

530.53 ± 158.85

530.69 ± 193.3

23342 ± 17402.64

< 0.0001

MMP-9 (mg/mL)

983.56 ± 453.77

897.63 ± 362.73

9548.75 ± 9978.41

< 0.0001

NO2−/NO3− (μM)

0.68 ± 0.21

0.56 ± 0.17

18.84 ± 9.15

< 0.0001