Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis
Author (Ref) | Year | Country | Study design | No. of semen samples | Exposure assessment | Exposure window | Semen analysis method | Age (years) Mean/SD | BMI (kg/m) Mean/SD | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cheng et al. [8] | 2022 | China | Cross-sectional study | 1607 | IDW model | lag 0–90 days Lag 0–1 year | WHO-guided semen analysis | 30.9 (4.2) | 25.7 (2.8) | Semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm number, total motility, progressive motility |
Farhat et al. [20] | 2016 | Brazil | Longitudinal study | 56 | Grid air pollution | Lag 80–88 days | WHO-guided semen analysis | 29.8 (8.9) | NA | Sperm concentration, total sperm number |
Hansen et al. [13] | 2010 | USA | Longitudinal study | 228 | The U.S. environmental protection agency air quality system data mart | Lag 0–90 days | CASA | 29.5 (2.1) | NA | Sperm concentration, total sperm number, normal forms |
Nobles et al. [21] | 2018 | USA | Longitudinal study | 501 | Community multiscale air quality models | Lag 0–72 days | CASA | 31.8 (4.8) | 29.9 (5.6) | Semen volume, total sperm number, total motility |
Qiu et al. [22] | 2020 | China | Longitudinal study | 4841 | Chengdu metropolitan monitor stations | Lag 0–90 days | WHO-guided semen analysis | 27.78 (5.35) | 22.57 (2.43) | Semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm number, progressive motility |
Radwan et al. [23] | 2016 | Poland | Cross-sectional study | 285 | Air quality information system | Lag 0–90 days | CASA | 32.3 (4.4) | 112 (34.3) | Sperm concentration, total sperm number, total motility |
Wu et al. [9] | 2017 | China | Longitudinal study | 2184 | IDW model | Lag 0–90 days | CASA | 34.4 (5.4) | 24.4 (3.4) | Semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm number, total motility, progressive motility |
Yang et al. [24] | 2021 | China | Longitudinal study | 1991 | China network environment monitoring center | Lag 0–90 days | CASA | 25.61 (4.99) | 22.34 (1.97) | Sperm concentration, total sperm number, total motility, progressive motility |
Zhou et al. [25] | 2020 | China | Cross-sectional study | 382 | Ordinary Kringing model | Lag 0–90 days | WHO-guided semen analysis | 29.71 (4.08) | 26.3 (3.2) | Semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm number, total motility |