Table 1 Patient demographics in the study groups

Positive for sperm

N = 59

Mean (SD and SEM)

Negative for sperm

N = 47

Mean (SD and SEM)

Mean difference (95% CI)

Male age (years)

38.7

(8.86 and 1.15)

36.0

(7.94 and 1.16)

2.7

(– 0.6 to 6.01)

Female age (years)

31.1

(6.63 and 0.86)

29.1

(5.94 and 0.87)

2.01

(– 0.5 to 4.5)

FSH (IU/L)

12.3

(7.8 and 1.02)

20.30

11.3 and 1.65)

– 8

(– 11.7 to – 4.3)

Testosterone (nmoL/L)

3.34

(1.32 and 0.17)

2.71

(1.96 and 0.29)

0.63

(– 0.007 to 1.26)

Expressed gene level

10249

(12101 and 1575)

39.6

(103 and 15.1)

10209

(6705 to 13,712)

N

(%)

N

(%)

Rate difference

(95% CI)

Average testicular volume (mL)

29

(42)

40

(58)

– 16

(– 32 to 0.5)

Small testicular volume (< 10 mL)

30

(81)

7

(19)

62

(44 to 80)

Cases with high gene expression

34

(70)

15

(30)

39

(20 to 57)

Cases with moderate gene expression

13

(72)

5

(28)

44

(15 to 73)

Cases with low gene expression

12

(31)

27

(69)

– 38

(– 59 to – 18)