Table 2 Descriptive characteristics of heavy smokers compared to non-smokers (n = 188)

Semen volume (ml)

3.17 ± 0.15

4.35 ± 0.25

< 0.001

Sperm concentration (Mill/ml)

70.46 ± 5.62

99.10 ± 7.21

0.003

Total sperm motility (%)

40.34 ± 2.05

55.32 ± 2.05

< 0.001

Sperm progressive motility (%)

15.78 ± 1.18

40.79 ± 2.18

< 0.001

Sperm non-progressive motility (%)

24.56 ± 1.48

14.53 ± 0.97

< 0.001

Non-motile sperm (%)

59.66 ± 2.05

44.68 ± 2.05

< 0.001

Sperm normal form (%)

4.32 ± 0.30

17.93 ± 1.37

< 0.001

Sperm abnormal form (%)

95.68 ± 0.30

82.07 ± 1.37

< 0.001