Table 3 Univariable associations and multivariable associations with successful TESE and live birth

Univariable associations

OR (95% CI); p value

OR (95% CI); p value

 Male age (years)^a

1.05 (1.01-1.08); p=0.009

0.93 (0.89-0.98); p=0.006

 Female age (years)^a

1.08 (1.03-1.13); p=0.002

0.89 (0.83-0.94); p=<0.001

 Male FSH (IU/L)^a

0.87 (0.84-0.90); p=<0.001

0.97 (0.92-1.01); p=0.15

 Male LH (IU/L)^a

0.79 (0.73-0.85); p=<0.001

1.00 (0.91-1.10); p=0.99

 Male testosterone (nmol/L)^a

0.99 (0.96-1.03); p=0.67

1.04 (0.99-1.09); p=0.15

 Testicular volume <15ml

0.42 (0.28-0.64); p=<0.001

1.96 (1.06-3.62); p=0.032

 Male age (years)^a

1.08 (1.03-1.12); p=0.001

 Female age (years)^a

0.88 (0.82-0.95); p=<0.001

 Male FSH (IU/L)^a

0.77 (0.71-0.83); p=<0.001

0.94 (0.87-1.02); p=0.128

 Male FSH² (IU/L)

1.00 (1.00-1.01); p=0.001

 Male LH (IU/L)^a

 Male testosterone (nmol/L)^a

0.96 (0.92-1.00); p=0.065

 Testicular volume <15ml

2.93 (1.37-6.32); p=0.006

 ICSI cycle number (≥3)

0.27 (0.09-0.80); p=0.018